Today is Anne Frank Day because she received her diary as a gift for her 13th birthday on June 12, 1942. Her father, who was the only one of her family to survive their stay in concentration camps, published the diary in 1947 and it instantly became a best-seller. In 1955, a Broadway play based on the diary was a big hit. The playwrights, Frances Goodrich and Albert Hackett, wrote the screenplay. George Stevens (“Gunga Din”) was chosen to direct. He was a good choice partly because during WWII he was a major in the Army Signal Corps. He had enlisted after seeing the infamous Nazi propaganda film “Triumph of the Will”. He and his crew filmed in Normandy after the D-Day invasion. His unit produced the only color footage of the war in Europe. He followed the American army all the way to the Elbe River. He reached Dachau death camp two days after it was liberated. He filmed at other concentration camps and then created the documentary “The Nazi Plan”. It was used at the Nuremberg Trials. He wanted Audrey Hepburn for the lead role because she looked a lot like Anne. She declined because she felt she was old at 30. She also was uncomfortable about bringing back memories from her life in the Netherlands during the war. Stevens auditioned thousands of young women and chose a 17-year-old model named Millie Perkins. Shelley Winters sought the part of Petronella van Daan. She was twenty years younger than Petranella. She gained 30 pounds for the role and lost 25 during the shoot. Stevens was determined to make a realistic and emotional picture. An exact replica of the three story building was constructed in a large sound stage. He kept the temperature on set appropriate for the time of year that was being filmed. This meant the actors were freezing during the winter scenes. The exterior scenes were filmed on location in Amsterdam. Otto Frank and Johannes Kleiman were technical advisers. The movie was a modest hit and was nominated for Academy Awards for Best Picture, Director, Costume Design, and Score. It won for Best Supporting Actress (Shelley Winters who donated here Oscar to the Anne Frank Museum where it is still on display), Art Direction, and Cinematography. Winning three Oscars when “Ben Hur” dominated the awards was quite an accomplishment. It helped that they were giving separate awards for black/white and color. It was rated the 18th greatest inspirational movies for AFIs 100 Years…100 Cheers.
The movie uses a flashforward introduction as Otto Frank (Joseph Schildkraut reprising his Broadway role) visits the building after the war. Miep (Dodie Heath), the Gentile woman who helped hide the family, presents him with the diary which she and Mr. Kraler (Douglas Spencer) have saved. The film flashes back to July, 1942 when the Franks and the van Daans take up residence in the attic above the spice factory. Otto goes over the rules which include no noise during the daytime hours. I wonder if students will watch the movie today and pass out when they learn Anne would read for ten hours a day. She finished “A Tale of Two Cities” in one day. There is dysfunction between the two families mostly because of eight different personalities living in such a claustrophic and stressful situation. Anne is about the same age as Peter van Daan and they are not exactly Romeo and Juliet, but they gradually develop feelings for each other. Anne is a typical teenage girl as evidenced by her diary. She idolizes her father and tries her mother’s patience. The seven show their humanity by agreeing to take in Miep’s Jewish dentist Alfred Dussel (Ed Wynn). He adds more dysfunction. There are some edge of your seat moments because most viewers don’t know how or when they were caught. This adds suspense to the movie. At one point a burglar breaks into the factory and the cops come. Later, German Gestapo agents search the bottom two floors. There is an excellent scene where they endure a bombing raid. This is the one scene that the play could not recreate.
Stevens did a great job bringing the diary to film. Screenwriters Goodrich and Hackett won a Pulitzer Prize for their play so Stevens had an excellent script to work from. The screenplay incorporates diary entries which are narrated by Anne. The cinematography deservedly won an Oscar for William Mellor. The camera would move from floor to floor. The lighting shines appropriate for an ill-lit attic. The only technical weakness is the sappy score. The cast is great. They all behave realistically. The movie does not make them heroes. They are typical people thrown into a terrifying situation. You will wonder if you could have survived what they survived. Until that fateful day. The movie answers the question of who ratted them out by choosing the burglar as the villain. It is still unclear if this is correct. Millie Perkins is surprisingly effective in her first acting role. She had no training as Stevens picked her after seeing her photo and convincing her to audition. She was a better choice than Hepburn, so that worked out well.
Obviously, the movie is a must-see which means I’m pretty embarrassed that it took me so long to see it. The film is inspiring, but very sad. That is as it should be. It is a great companion to the book and follows the book carefully. There are no Hollywood embellishments. What we do get is some Hollywood expansion of the story. Fans of the book might not have had an idea of the role that Miep and Kraler played in their valiant attempt to save members of a different race/religion. Would you have risked your life like they did? God help us because that question may be in our future.
P.S. I completed my 100 Best War Movies list before I saw this movie. I know, I know. Mea culpa. It does belong in the top 100.
GRADE = A
